Lessons

Python Basics

Python Variables

Operators in Python

Conditional Statements in Python

Python Lists

Python Tuples

Python Sets

Python Dictionaries

Loops in Python

Python Arrays and Functions

Conclusion

Python Numeric Types

Python Numbers

In Python, numbers are used for mathematical operations, and there are three main numeric types:

  1. int: Integer, a whole number.
  2. float: Floating-point number, a decimal number.
  3. complex: Complex numbers with real and imaginary parts.

Python Numeric Types

You create numeric variables by assigning values to them. Here's an example:

python
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x = 1      # int
y = 2.8    # float
z = 1j     # complex

To verify the type of any object in Python, use the type() function:

python
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print(type(x))  # Output: <class 'int'>
print(type(y))  # Output: <class 'float'>
print(type(z))  # Output: <class 'complex'>

Python Integer

An integer is a whole number, positive or negative, without decimals. Python allows integers of unlimited length.

Example:

python
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x = 1
y = 35656222554887711
z = -3255522

print(type(x))  # Output: <class 'int'>
print(type(y))  # Output: <class 'int'>
print(type(z))  # Output: <class 'int'>

Python Float

A float is a number that has a decimal point or an exponential (scientific notation) representation. Floats can be positive or negative.

Example:

python
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x = 1.10
y = 1.0
z = -35.59

print(type(x))  # Output: <class 'float'>
print(type(y))  # Output: <class 'float'>
print(type(z))  # Output: <class 'float'>

Floats can also represent scientific numbers, using an "e" or "E" to indicate the power of 10:

Example:

python
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x = 35e3
y = 12E4
z = -87.7e100

print(type(x))  # Output: <class 'float'>
print(type(y))  # Output: <class 'float'>
print(type(z))  # Output: <class 'float'>

Complex Numbers

Complex numbers are written with a "j" to represent the imaginary part. A complex number consists of a real part and an imaginary part.

Example:

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x = 3 + 5j
y = 5j
z = -5j

print(type(x))  # Output: <class 'complex'>
print(type(y))  # Output: <class 'complex'>
print(type(z))  # Output: <class 'complex'>

Type Conversion

Python provides built-in functions to convert numbers from one type to another:

  • int(): Convert a number to an integer.
  • float(): Convert a number to a float.
  • complex(): Convert a number to a complex.

Example:

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x = 1      # int
y = 2.8    # float
z = 1j     # complex

# Convert from int to float
a = float(x)

# Convert from float to int
b = int(y)

# Convert from int to complex
c = complex(x)

print(a)  # Output: 1.0
print(b)  # Output: 2
print(c)  # Output: (1+0j)

print(type(a))  # Output: <class 'float'>
print(type(b))  # Output: <class 'int'>
print(type(c))  # Output: <class 'complex'>
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