Python for loop

For Loops in Python

In Python, for loops are fundamental constructs used for iterating over sequences, including lists, tuples, dictionaries, sets, and strings. They enable you to execute a block of code multiple times, making them essential for data manipulation and automation tasks. This lesson will delve into how for loops work in Python, including key features, examples, and common use cases.

1. Basics of For Loops

A for loop allows you to traverse through a collection of items, executing the same operation for each item. This feature makes for loops powerful tools for working with data structures.

Example: Loop Through a List

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# Define a list of vegetables
vegetables = ["carrot", "potato", "tomato"]

# Iterate through the list and print each vegetable
for vegetable in vegetables:
    print(vegetable)

In this example, the loop goes through each vegetable in the list and prints its name.

2. Iterating Through Strings

Strings in Python are also iterable, which means you can use a for loop to traverse through each character.

Example: Loop Through Characters in a String

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# Define a string
word = "hello"

# Iterate through each character in the string
for letter in word:
    print(letter)

This example prints each character of the string "hello" one by one.

3. Using Break to Exit a Loop Early

You can use the break statement within a for loop to terminate the loop prematurely when a certain condition is met.

Example: Exit the Loop Based on a Condition

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# Define a list of fruits
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

# Iterate through the list and exit when encountering "banana"
for fruit in fruits:
    if fruit == "banana":
        break
    print(fruit)

In this scenario, the loop stops when it reaches "banana," so only "apple" is printed.

4. Skipping Items with Continue

The continue statement allows you to skip the current iteration and move to the next one in the loop.

Example: Skip an Item

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# Define a list of numbers
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

# Print only the even numbers
for number in numbers:
    if number % 2 != 0:
        continue
    print(number)

In this example, the loop skips odd numbers and only prints even ones.

5. Utilizing the range() Function

The range() function is commonly used with for loops to iterate over a sequence of numbers. It generates a series of integers based on specified parameters.

Example: Use range() in a For Loop

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# Iterate from 0 to 4
for i in range(5):
    print(i)

This example prints the numbers 0 through 4. You can also customize the starting point, end point, and step size.

Example: Customizing the Range

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# Iterate from 2 to 10, stepping by 2
for i in range(2, 11, 2):
    print(i)

Here, the loop prints every second number between 2 and 10.

6. Else Clause with For Loops

Python allows the use of an else clause with for loops, which executes a block of code after the loop finishes iterating. This block will not run if the loop is terminated with a break statement.

Example: Using Else with a For Loop

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# Iterate through a range
for i in range(3):
    print(i)
else:
    print("Loop completed successfully.")

In this example, "Loop completed successfully." is printed after the loop ends.

7. Nested For Loops

You can place a for loop inside another for loop, known as a nested for loop. This is useful for working with multi-dimensional data structures.

Example: Nested Loop

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# Define a list of colors and shapes
colors = ["red", "blue", "green"]
shapes = ["circle", "square"]

# Print every combination of colors and shapes
for color in colors:
    for shape in shapes:
        print(f"{color} {shape}")

This example generates combinations of colors and shapes.

8. The pass Statement

In Python, if you need a for loop that doesn’t perform any operation, you can use the pass statement. This is often used as a placeholder.

Example: Using Pass in a For Loop

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# Define a list
numbers = [1, 2, 3]

# Placeholder for future implementation
for number in numbers:
    pass

The loop does nothing here but remains syntactically correct.